Friday, March 20, 2020
Explain the major factors between 1928 and 1933 that enabled Hitler to come to power
Explain the major factors between 1928 and 1933 that enabled Hitler to come to power Up to 1928 there had been uncertainty in Germany, with the Wall Street crash of 1928 this uncertainty became reality as the Weimar republic fell and Hitler took power. The crushing blows of the Treaty of Versailles to Germany's economy and its public pride led to the mood of the German people becoming depressed. They were penniless, so they looked left and right for an answer to their problems. With the rise of communism and right wing socialism, democracy was steadily loosing power. With the continual use of article 48(presidents ability to overrule the Reichstag), the limited personality of leaders, the awkward policies and loss of democratic ideals, the Weimar republic was week. With the ideas of Nazi propaganda and Nazi political methods, people specifically looked at Nazism as a way out of their situation.In 1923 a group of young, so called, Nazis were ambitiously planning to take over Berlin.Karte des Deutschen Reiches, Ã »Weimarer Republik/D...When their ally dropped out they decided to break into a meeting and obliterate it, this was called the Beer Hall Putsch. They were arrested and their leader, a then unknown man, named Adolf Hitler went to jail with a chain of publicity trailing behind them.The years between 1923 and 1928 were prosperous for Germany; the economy had a minor 'boom' thanks to 'the young plan'. MÃ ¼ller, chancellor at the time, put in action a plan where Germany would borrow money from America so it could secure payment on it's reparations. This was fine until the Wall Street crash in 1928 threw Germany, and most of Europe, into depression. America demanded it's loans back and Germany's economy slumped. Inflation rose to an absurd amount, people became extremely poor, and they had lost whatever small confidence they had in democracy. Hindenburg threw Muller out of his chancellorship; Muller was...
Tuesday, March 3, 2020
The Assembly of Athens Known as the Ecclesia
The Assembly of Athens Known as the Ecclesia Ecclesia (Ekklesia) is the term used for the assembly in Greek city-states (poleis), including Athens. The ecclesia was a meeting place where the citizens could speak their minds and try to influence one another in the political process. Normally at Athens, the Ecclesia assembled at the pnyx (an open-air auditorium west of the Acropolis with a retaining wall, orators stand, and an altar), but it was one of the jobs of the boules prytaneis (leaders) to post the agenda and location of the next meeting of the Assembly. On the pandia (All Zeus festival) the Assembly met in the Theatre of Dionysus. Membership At 18, young Athenian males were enrolled in their demes citizen listsà and then served for two years in the military. Afterward, they could be in the Assembly, unless otherwise restricted. They might be disallowed while owing a debt to the public treasury or for having been removed from the demes roster of citizens. Someone convicted of prostituting himself or of beating/failing to support his family may have been denied membership in the Assembly. The Schedule In the 4th century, the boule scheduled 4 meetings during each prytany. Since a prytany was about 1/10 of a year, this means there were 40 Assembly meetings each year. One of the 4 meetings was a kyria ecclesia Sovereign Assembly. There were also 3 regular Assemblies. At one of these, private citizen-suppliants could present any concern. There may have been additional synkletoi ecclesiai Called-together Assemblies summoned at short notice, as for emergencies. Ecclesia Leadership By the mid-4th century, 9 members of the boule who were not serving as prytaneis (leaders) were chosen to run the Assembly as proedroi. They would decide when to cut off discussion and put matters to a vote. Freedom of Speech Freedom of speech was essential to the idea of the Assembly. Regardless of his status, a citizen could speak; however, those over 50 could speak first. The herald ascertained who wished to speak. Payment for Assembly Members In 411, when oligarchy was temporarily established in Athens, a law was passed prohibiting pay for political activity, but in the 4th century, members of the Assembly received pay in order to ensure the poor could participate. Pay changed over time, going from 1 obol/meeting- not enough to persuade people to go to the Assembly- to 3 obols, which could have been high enough to pack the Assembly. What the Assembly decreed was preserved and made public, recording the decree, its date, and the names of the officials who held the vote. Sources Christopher W. Blackwell, ââ¬Å"The Assembly,â⬠in C.W. Blackwell, ed., DÃâmos: Classical Athenian Democracy (A. Mahoney and R. Scaife, edd., The Stoa: a consortium for electronic publication in the humanities [www.stoa.org]) edition of March 26, 2003.
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