Why Marriages Succeed or Fail an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Why Marriages Succeed or Fail The book Why Marriages Succeed or Fail and How You Can Make Yours Last provides clear and thoughtful explanations of the question which interest million of married and unmarried people all over the world: why some marriages are successful, whereas others are complete failure? The book is presented as the result of twenty years researches tending to reveal the dynamic of relations of married couples. John Gottman, the author of the book, analyzes the current trends in marriages and divorce rates as well as he states that there is little evidence which examine the dissolution of marital relations. Need essay sample on "Why Marriages Succeed or Fail" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed College Students Usually Tell EssayLab specialists: I'm don't want to write my paper online. I want to spend time with my family Essay writer professionals suggest: Entrust Your Essay Paper To Us And Get A+ The author claims that past years were characterized by majority of books and other printed materials aimed at providing recommendations to married couples how to make their marriages successful, but the book very based mainly on experiences of marital therapists. In his turn, Gottman states that current findings and suggestions on marriages are flawed. (p.15) Therefore, Gottman says that the purpose of his study is to share our latest results with you and to offer my best understanding of just how you can strengthen your marriage. (p.16) Gottman sees his book as a tool to assist unmarried, successfully married and those married couples who are struggling to keep their marriage. Firstly, the author provides explanation of three main types of successful and stable marriages defining them as validating marriage style, conflict-avoiding marriage style and volatile marriage style: Validating style suggests that couples are ready to find compromises and to solve problems together to mutual satisfaction. Conflict-avoiding style suggests that couples rarely conflict with each other trying to keep their disagreement and problems inside. Volatile style suggests that couples are rarely conflicting, but such conflicts always result in passionate disputes. Gottman provides in-depth analysis of all marriage style and illustrates case studies from his working experience to prove his position. It is interesting to note that the author provides self-test to diagnose your own marriage style (if you are married, of course). For Gottman, the key to successful marriage is a simple formula: no matter what style of marriage you have, you must have at least five times as many positive as negative moments together if your marriage is to be stable. (p.29) Secondly, after discussing stable marriages the author moves to analyzing two main styles of unstable marriages defining them as hostile/engaged marriage style and hostile/detached marriage style: Hostile/engaged style similar to volatile style suggests that couples are conflicting frequently and intensively, but their disputes often involve putdowns, insults, name-calling, etc. Moreover, sarcasm is considered a major part of their everyday interactions. Hostile/detached style suggests that couples may even scream at each other not listening to arguments. Such people are detached, defensive towards each other, and they are emotionally detached. Gottman asserts that these types of unstable marriage are marital disasters. One more interesting moment is that the author has managed to analyse biological and social differences between males and females and how they affect romantic relations and marriage. Gottman works out a social development theory examining why men are less emotional in marriages than women. As it is mentioned above, after discussing unstable styles the author provides also self-tests summarizing all points made above. Basing on the results of all tests taken, the author makes suggestions and provides recommendations how to improve the situation. Finally, two last chapters of the book are devoted to working out simple and effective strategies how to improve marital relations and to make your marriage successful and stable. Actually, the author is willing to teach couples how to be effective listener. It is seen from the book that Gottman does appreciate the role of empathy, non-defensiveness, reflective listen ing, and non-verbal communication stressing that they are keys to success and stability in marriage. Finally, the author provides research-based recommendations how to continue to make your marriage stronger after having reached stability. Speaking about weaknesses or negative moments it is necessary to underline that John Gottman is psychologists and, therefore, he creates and defines his own jargon causing difficulties in reading and comprehending the material. It means that readers many become overwhelmed with new terminology and definition. Moreover, some chapters provide explanation of methodologies and protocols used in research. Other psychologies will definitely appreciate this moment, but average reader may find it boring and not interesting as he is interested in reasons and solutions. However, overall the book is excellent and very informative. Apparent strength is that the author provides keen insight how to improve marital relations, whereas all his suggestions are research-based. The book is a well-organized research of the questions posted with clear outline and is written with many easy definitions. One more positive moment is that Gottman provides real life examples to provide his ideas and suggestions. So, the benefit of the book is that it has strong research foundation. Self-tests are also important as they help to keep readers engaged in reading further and they are practical, insightful and very useful. The book helps to understand marital relations and provides ways of the improving. For example, chapter three The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse is of great importance as the author discusses different types of negativity and unstable marriages. Summing up, this book should be recommended for those who are interested in improving marital and interpersonal relations. All ideas in the book are not limited only to those who are married. References Gottman, John. (2004). Why Marriages Succeed or Fail and How You Can Make Yours Last. New York: Fireside Books.

Latino Image essays

Latino Image essays Latinos have been in American movies ever sense the beginning; from the early 1900s to the present they have influenced the film industry significantly. Latinos, especially Mexicans, have been stereotyped as the dark, dumb, violent, the bad guy in many films but this is not true of Mexicans, they were just portrayed in that way to lure movie watchers to see the movie. It all started with the Mexicans being portrayed as being the Hollywoods First Bad Boys. They where seen as the dirty grassers that were immoral, low life and did not care about anything, the girls also were seen the same. Having enough of this Latin American in 1922 boycotted any U.S. film that showed Latinos in this way. Seeing the great economic impact of this President Woodrow Wilson said, Please be a little kinder to the Mexicans. The starting of the Latin Lover craze started with Antonio Moreno. He created the idea of the Hispanic man being sensuous and romantic, but has evolved over the years. Dolores Del Rio reshaped Laminas, before seen as loose, and now as refined woman that reached great popularity, like Margarita Cansino (Rita Hayworth). Now that the talking movies start coming out during this time Latino American men with accents where soon starting to become a problem for them, while as women with accents were considered to be a good thing. To satisfy the Latin-American community and markets the producers began filming Spanish versions of movies after hours. One of the movies was Dracula that stared Lupita Tovar. She says that during filming of the Spanish version they shot far less takes and took less time than the American version; some even say that the Spanish Dracula was for more superior than the English one. During the Great Depression, in the 1930s, let to the deportation of many Mexicans out of the U.S., this included many Mexican actors and actresse...

An Analysis of the Categories of Qualitative Research Methods Used By the Coca-Cola Company

An Analysis of the Categories of Qualitative Research Methods Used By the Coca-Cola Company Numerous organization have used organizational development techniques to achieve organizational effectiveness. According to Najmin (2012), organizational effectiveness makes use of applied psychology to bring change to different aspects of the organization. Such elements include culture, management styles, as well as communication techniques in a business. Similar techniques apply to Coco Cola Company that have had poor use of its staff leading to high employees’ turnover. Moreover, the company had little innovative strategies until lately when there has been a change in the soft drinks market driven by sensitive health companies. Accordingly, the company requires organizational development interventions that would enable it to achieve higher levels of effectiveness. Given that, research reviews other researchs on organizational development as well as an evaluation of other organizations that have used OD interventions to achieve organizational effectiveness. The current research will make use of three qualitative research methods to capture relevant data that will help identify the best OD interventions that Coco Cola might use. First, the study will interview executives, middle-level managers, and general level employees of organizations such as JetBlue and Google that have had successful OD interventions at their workplace with permission from the top executives. During the interviews, I will record respondent’s responses into a paper and after that into computer files for analysis purpose. Moreover, there will be an option for over-the-phone interviews or busy managers that I will record and store in a computer in an electronic format. Secondly, I will use questionnaires to reach general-purpose employees on their view of their organization’s OD interventions. Lastly, I will obtain information from secondary sources such as peer-reviewed Journals and textbooks to decipher the best interventions applicable to Coco Cola In c. The research had four central hypothesis. First, interventions that were successful in other organizations are relevant at Coco Cola Inc. Most OD interventions apply to numerous organizations, as they tend to target human behavior as an agent of organizational change. Consequently, interventions that worked in other agencies could also work for Coco Cola Company. Secondly, the research would establish that the top management had significant influence on the success of the OD interventions. According to Najmin (2012), most ineffective organizations have weak leadership. As such, the top leadership has to change so that junior employee can follow in their steps. Moreover, through evaluation of other researchs on organizational development interventions, it would be possible to find interventions that would work for Coco Cola Company. Most of the researchs under evaluation had evaluated interventions from different companies working in various part of the world. The findings would offer invaluable insight to the type of interventions that would work for Google given it is a multinational company. Lastly, the paper anticipates finding that some interventions are only effective to certain companies while non-applicable to others. For instance, interventions applicable to Apple Inc. might not apply to Coco Cola Inc. since the two firms operates in different industries hence serving customers with different needs. I conducted two interviews in different places. The first one was at Facebook Inc. at its Menlo Park, California Headquarters. The interview was on 16th of October 2015 from 11 am. During the discussion, three middle-level managers and five junior employees gave their responses. The interview had the permission of the company’s vice president making the process very smooth. Moreover, the employees were very free to share with a student. A week later, I conducted another interview at JetBlue headquarters in Long Island City, New York. The interview was on 23rd October 2015 from 9 am. Due to its great organizational development interventions key to the research, five senior managers, and ten middle-level managers gave their responses. Moreover, ten junior employees also gave their answers. There were several comments from the qualitative research. First, the respondents from both companies seemed eager to share different interventions applied in their organizations and the favorable change that came afterward. My interpretation was that the interviewees felt the pleasure of sharing a success story of positive change in their organization’s life due to OD interventions. Secondly, respondents in both cases decried the high level of resistance emanating from managers during induction of OD interventions. My interpretation was that most managers felt they were losing some power since most OD interventions require managers to collaborate with junior workers to realize the company’ goals. Lastly, I noted the warm relationship between junior employees and their managers in both companies. Najmin (2012) indicates that OD interventions promote collaboration between managers and their juniors. As such, I interpreted the cordial relationship between different levels in the companies as the fruits of successful application of OD interventions that are making the companies efficient. The qualitative research supports my thesis statement in different ways. The thesis statement of my paper is to find various OD interventions applicable to Coco Cola Company. As such, the qualitative research assists in identifying interventions that have worked in other companies and are the applicable to Coco Cola Inc. case. Moreover, it offers insight to some of the challenges that Coco Coal might have to encounter as it endeavors to achieve effectiveness using OD interventions. Such information would be imperative in helping the company design contingency plans. Qualitative research make is essential as it uses theoretical frameworks to provide accurate conclusions. From the research, companies such as JetBlue and Facebook have used OD interventions to achieve effectiveness. Such responses offer an insight to the type of interventions that Coco Cola might adopt to realize efficiency.

Management and Gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Management and Gender - Essay Example That the world is critical and reflective in thinking is a matter that is underscored by the many theories which try to explain gender relations. Many theoretical standpoints and postulations abound to divulge on gender relations, by analysing the dynamics of male-female relationships within the auspices of the society. As opposed to the 19th century developments which mainly delved on gender parity at the domestic level, the 1950s opened a new era which was characterised by the quest to have gender equality entrenched even in the corporate sector. This is the case with the UK, the US, the West and the rest of the developed world (Maleta, 2011, 75). The importance of theoretical standpoints that explain gender relations is that they help inculcate understanding on the history, nature and dynamics of gender relations, with the main goal being, providing directly or indirectly, the panacea to the problem of gender imbalance at the workplace, or any other sphere of the human society. Likewise, according to Moore (2012, 620), the need to relook the issue of gender and corporate life is underscored by the fact that in spite of women having been incorporated in the corporate life of developed countries, yet female presence is yet inadequately represented at the managerial level of corporate life. Theoretical Explanation on Gender Imbalance in Management One of the most moving theories on gender is that of Julia Kristeva. Kristeva’s theory has been applicable in the field of semiotics. Kristeva’s theory in explaining gender disparity and relations at the managerial level of the corporate life has a topical theme of abjec tion. Particularly, Kristeva structures subjectivity on abjection of the mother, arguing that a society is constructed just as an individual abjects or excludes his mother as a way of curving out an identity. Kristeva continues that just as individuals, patriarchal cultures exclude the feminine to either come into being, or consolidate its position (Cousineau and Roth, 2012, 430). Beyer (2011, 307) contends that the implication of Kristeva’s postulation is that the inability to perpetuate gender parity in organisational management is not so much occasioned by characteristics inherent in women, as is by unequal sexist relations, structures and policies which have been entrenched by a male-dominated society. This discourse will thus look into the issue of gender and management, in light of Kristeva’s theoretical postulations. Indicators of un/Equal Gender Representation in Management A critical examination of the corporate, entrepreneurial and public sectors shows the in ordinate concentration of men in management. One of the indicators of the gender gap in the British business sector is the stunted rise in

Tourism Master Essay Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Tourism Master Essay - Research Paper Example In Great Britain, and indeed all over the world, the spurt of the tourism industry has spear-headed economic activity. Tourism has helped create jobs and consequent earnings, in large as well as small communities; it is a major industry by itself in many places. The impact is hardly restricted to the economics of the Lake District area. Tourism often impacts broad areas beyond those commonly associated with tourism too. However, the impact of tourism on a community or a place is not always well understood (Kreag, 2001). The Ambleside residents' problems present a typical case in the study. Understanding the potential consequences of tourism and how they can integrate this industry into their community proactively, shall make way for the progress of the community as a whole, including its leaders and as well as residents. To have an in-depth understanding of the Ambleside scenario and the perceptions of its residents, it is imperative to study some salient features that govern the tou rism industry while first having a vivid picture of the background. This dissertation envisages to analyse the basis of Ambleside's perceptions of socio-cultural impacts of tourism under the posts of the Social Exchange Theory (Ap 1992), Irridex of Irritation (Doxey 1975), and the Tourist Product Life Cycle (Butler 1980) ; so as to develop suitable research methodology and instruments that will direct and inform the research process. Background: "For a tourism-based economy to sustain itself in local communities, the residents must be willing partners in the process. Their attitudes toward tourism and perceptions of its impact on community life must be continually assessed". (Allen et al. 1988) The truth of this statement is well understood while studying the plight of Ambleside residents for whom tourism is twin phenomenon, which while helping them sustain a living, has also contributed to the deterioration of its quality. The town of Ambleside, and the four smaller wards of Troutbeck, Rydal, Langdale, and Grasmere which lie separately from each other in the beautiful surrounding valleys. At the center of the problem is the inadequacy of the infrastructure which has been overwhelmed by the sudden spurt in tourism and various aspects in which it has impacted the hitherto rustic area of the Lakeside area. The foremost problem in the above is the Roadway system. The Ambleside Relief Road Council cites a national su rvey (1994) estimate which states that 17 million recreational visit days were spent in the Park. 89% of visitors arrive by car. The high amount of traffic flow almost 19,000 vehicles per day at peak season (ARRC 1996), requires near perfect road conditions.  Ã‚  

Science Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Science Research Paper Essay ANALYSIS: What would happen if the experiment was repeated by baking the bread at high temperatures again before starting the experiment? The experiment can be repeated using different types of food like biscuits or cooked rice. It is observed that the 1st bread slice with a few drops of water and kept in the dark space had started to grow mold the fastest. The 5th bread slice that was kept in the refrigerator took the longest for the mold to appear. CONCLUSION: The hypothesis that bread mold will grow faster in warm and damp environment is proven to be true. Mold will grow fast on bread in humid and warm conditions. Bread should be kept in dark, dry and cool places for it to last longer. Bread can also last longer if stored in the fridge or in airtight containers. Mold is an annoyance when it comes to storing food, but it has its usefulness too. Molds help in the decomposing process of decaying animals and plants. Penicillium is used in pharmaceutical work to produce medicine. RESEARCH TEMPERATURE Definition: Temperature is the difference between hot and cold. It is measured on a standard scale. It is a numeric measurement of hotness and coldness. The measurement is based on a flow of heat between two connected objects. One of the most common scales of temperature is Celsius. Low Temperature storage Low Temperature storage (LTS) is what refrigeration and freezing is called. LTS is very effective in slowing the process of spoilage. It also allows longer storage. Refrigeration doesnt cause change to the food but does allow microorganisms to form after a while. Freezing can cause chemical change if the food has not yet been frozen and it goes into the freezer before being treated. After it has been treated it is called quick freezing. Freezing the food before the food has been treated is called slow freezing. Slow freezing causes the substance to leak fluids. Kelvin Kelvin is a fundamental physical quality that is based on the position above or below 273.16K. It is called the triple point of water. Kelvin is the temperature at which water, ice, and water vapor coexist together. Zero degree k is the absolute lowest temperature at which no energy motion of molecules is made. Kelvin is named after William Thompson, Lord Kelvin a British physicist. He introduced this absolute thermodynamic scale in 1848. There are some limits as to how low the temperature can get, but as far as scientists know there isnt a limit as to how high it can get. The lowest temperature that is known is ?273.15 C. MOLD GROWTH Definition Mold is a multi-celled woolly growth made up of microscopic spore colonies, that lives off of dead matter, and form when contact is made with sufficient food. After landing mold attacks its â€Å"prey† with a coating of slime that helps break the food down into small partials. Mold absorbs water and eats carbohydrates such as sugars and fats. There are approximately one hundred thousand known species of mold and scientists think that there are as many  as two hundred thousand. Four main types Penicillium Penicillium is most of the blue and green molds. This particular group of molds contains an antibiotic drug, the same drug that is found in Penicillin. In fact it is what lead to the production of Penicillin. The drug found in it is so strong that inhaling it can cause severe damage to the lung. Rhizopus Rhizopus is a type of bread mold. It is mainly the black molds. They have single tube like hyphea structures instead of many web-like structures. They are widely distributed instead of grouped together like most other molds. Aspergillius Aspergillius are the green colored molds. There are about eighty forms of Aspergillius and over half of them are hazardous and can cause respiratory disorders. Aspergillius is one of the only types of molds that completely smothers its food. Mucon Mucon is the group of white molds. There are over three hundred fifty forms of mold that fit into this group. One of the most commonly seen molds from this group is Mucor mucedo, which is a pin mold. MOLD RELATED PROBLEMS Allergic Disorders Allergic disorders may result from an immune mechanism shut down. Antibiotics can medicate them, immediate types are more life threatening than others and can cause systematic shock. Allergies can result in hives or angioedema, a delayed reaction is a generalized rash. Harmful pathogens Pathogens can harm the human body in many ways. One is through the manufacturing of toxic products (toxins) that are produced by living organisms, either exotoxins or endotoxins. Exotoxins are released onto the surrounding area and contain extremely potential protein compounds that demonstrate selectivity with regards to the site and mode of the attack. Endotoxins are only released when the organism that produced it is broken up and only then is it harmful if eaten. Defense Against In order to defend themselves from this harm, humans and animals have developed a set of complex defense mechanisms, the most common of these systems defend the bodies eternal and external surfaces. Controlling In spite of defense efforts bacterial infections are often harmful or even fatal. Therefore finding other defense methods is critically important to maintaining good health. SUMMARY Mold spores are reproductive structures of filamentous fungi (molds). A single microscopic mold filament, called a hypha, forms a mat that is called a mycelium. Mycelia are visible without a microscope. Molds are very common organisms and can be found where there is moisture, oxygen, and food they need. Molds can be seen on bread, cheese, or fruit. Hot spots of mold growth can be found in basements and bathrooms (especially shower stalls), house plants, and even air conditioners. Molds grow on fallen leaves, rotting logs, certain grasses, and weeds. They also can be found in barns, dairies, bakeries, and greenhouses. The mold mycelium produces reproductive branches above the surface of the mold. These branches carry spores called conidia that function in distribution of mold by air, water, and animals. Among different molds, sporesemployed in asexual reproductionvary in size, shape, and color. Each spore can germinate to start a new mold, which in turn produces million of spores. Spores are very tough structures: they are resistant to drying, freezing, heating, and some chemicals. The majority of the mold spores are disseminated by air. A sample of air may contain up to 2  million spores per cubic meter, but on average, about 10,000 spores inhabit one cubic meter of air. The amount of mold spores in the air in some areas is greater than the amount of pollen. Certain types of mold spores can cause various allergic reactions in humans, such as irritations of the eyes, nose, and throat. About 20 to 30 percent of the population develops allergic responses after exposure to these mold spores. The most common allergenic spores in the United States are Alternaria cladosporium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Rhizopus, and Penicillium. In some people, exposure to mold spores leads to asthma (Madigan, 2009). Some mold spores, if they reach lungs, can cause infections called mycoses. Systemic mycoses are the most serious category of mold infection. The host becomes infected by inhaling spores that germinate in the lungs. In the United States, two of the most common mold infections of that type are coccidioidomycosis, caused by Coccidioides immitis, and histoplasmosis, caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. Mild coccidioidomycosis may go unnoticed or produce symptoms similar to those of pneumonia or tuberculosis (Madigan, 2009). The human immune system normally destroys mold spores and neutralizes mold infections. In a small number of cases, however, more serious coccidioidomycosis develops and lesions of the skin, bones, joints, internal organs, and brain (meningitis) occur. Progressive histoplasmosis symptoms include lung cavities, sputum production, night sweats, and weight loss (Madigan, 2009). The weather and mold-spore distribution are closely related. Spore count is usually higher in temperate and tropical regions than in the polar and northern regions. In colder climates, molds are present in the air during the period between late winter and late fall. In warmer climates, mold spores are found throughout the year. It is likely that warmer temperatures due to global warming will result in an increase and even abundance of mold spores and, therefore, in considerable increase of allergic reactions. Repeated exposure to a massive amount of mold spores (100 million per cubic meter) can cause serious allergy-related health problems, including chills, fever, dry cough, breathlessness, weight loss, and even permanent lung damage. Global warming is believed to be a major factor in the explosion of mold-related asthma and mold infections (Beggs, 2004). For instance, the causative agent of coccidioidomycosis can be found in geographical areas with high summer temperatures and mild winters. In the southwestern regions of the United  States, where this climate prevails, an estimated 80 percent of inhabitants are currently infected. Infectious disease specialists suggest that global warming will cause the further expansion of the geographic ranges of coccidioidomycosis infection. Scientists predict that climate change could also increase the spread of histoplasmosis, which at present afflicts about 500,000 people annually. Another example of mold-spore infection spreading as a result of climate change is the infection caused by Cryptococcus gattii. Though previously it was only seen in Australia and other subtropical regions, this mold is spreading in Canadas Vancouver Island and the Pacific Northwest. It can cause serious human infection of the lungs and brain. In addition, molds are the cause of numerous plant diseases. The increase of plant fungal diseases due to global warming may have a negative impact on plants ability to take up carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas, thereby increasing the CO2 concentration of the atmosphere and contributing to further warming. Managing mold plant infections may also require pesticides whose production consumes fossil fuels and generates even more CO2 emissions. There is another indirect relationship between mold spores and climate change. In nature, many molds are capable of decomposing woody plants such as trees. Cellulose and lignin in these trees are the biological molecules most resistant to decomposition. Molds, however, use cellulose and lignin from woody plants as their source of energy and carbon, and they release CO2 in the process. Trees function as carbon sinks, retaining carbon for the duration of their lives and sequestering it from the atmosphere. As global climate change increases the amount of mold spores and, eventually, molds, the CO2 released by decomposition of woody plants by those molds will also increase. Eliminating mold spores is impractical. Therefore, the only solution to keep molds under control is to control global warming.

sept 11 Essay example -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As you probably know September 11, 2001 was a very grim day in American history. Four commercial airplanes were hijacked. Two of which went on a suicide mission into the Twin World Trade Center towers in New York City, which killed over 4,000 innocent civilians and hundreds of policemen and firemen. The third plane crashed in to our Military Headquarters, the Pentagon in Washington, D.C. The fourth airplane which was hijacked by terrorists, which there were unconfirmed reports that it was heading toward the White House, was taken back in to control by passengers on the plane, but it fatally crashed in Pennsylvania.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This led to a Military retaliation against those responsible for the attacks on our great country. Osama Bin Laden a known terrorist took credit for the attacks on the United States. In this paper I will show my point of view on how I feel that the United States’ Military Action in Afghanistan and the Middle East is Justified to take a stand against terrorism and to fight for freedom world wide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The pictures of airplanes flying into buildings, fires burning, huge structures collapsing have filled us with disbelief, terrible sadness, and a quiet, unyielding anger. These mass murderers were intended to frighten our nation into chaos and retreat. But the mission failed: our country is strong.† (President George W. Bush, September 11th 2001). The President is right we will not stand for this sort of thing and I believe that our country is right in whatever military or other action that we take against those responsible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Those thought responsible are Osama Bin Laden the leader of Al Qaeda and Mohammed Omar the Leader of the Taliban who have joined forces to bring terror around the globe, particularly on Americans. According to Encarta.com (2002) the word Taliban means student and Al Qaeda runs terrorist training camps through out Afghanistan. It is thought that they have been training for the September 11th attacks for sometime, which makes it premeditated and precisely planned out acts of terror and mass murder.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  G.W. Bush (2001), President of the United States of America also stated that the United States is not only fighting the Taliban in the mountains of Afghanistan, but we are trying to fight t... ...orld-wide and their children as well. That is why we need to bring those responsible to justice. Why our Military Actions in Afghanistan are Justified By John Neville English 102.10 February 12, 2002 References Gramamone, Jim . Rumsfeld Says No Evidence Bin Laden is Dead. (Jan 20, 2002). Retrieved January 22, 2002, :http://www.defenselink.mil/news/Jan2002/n012002_200201202.html. Karl, Jonathan, and Snow Kate. Source:’ 100-percent chance’ of another arrack Lawmakers caution there’s no specific threat. (October 5, 2001). Retrieved Jan 21, 2002.from the World Wide Web: http://www.europe.cnn.com/2001/10/05/ret.terrorism.threat/ Lacavo, Richard. The Deadly Hunt. Which appeared In Time Magazine Vol. 159 No. 2. (Jan 14, 2002). Retrieved January 16, 2002 from the World Wide Web: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/printout/0,8816,190938,00.html. Taliban. (2001). Retrieved January 22nd 2002 from the World Wide Web: http://encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti+761588418 What is the War on Terrorism? Retrieved January 17, 2002 from the World Wide Web: http://www.whitehouse.gov/response/faq-what.html   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Introduction to Starbucks Case Study

PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT 1: STARBUCKS CASE STUDY Summary The history of Starbucks starts in Seattle in 1971. Three friends, Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl, and Gordon Bowker, who all had a passion for fresh coffee, opened a small shop and began selling fresh-roasted, gourmet coffee beans and brewing and roasting accessories. In 1981 Howard Schultz first walked into Starbucks as a sales representative for a Swedish kitchen manufacturer. He immediately wanted to work for the company as he got so inspired by Starbucks but it took him a year to finally persuade the owners to hire him. The owners were reluctant initially to hire Schultz because they thought his style and high energy might not blend with the existing culture of the company. However in 1982 Starbucks hired Schultz as the new head of retail operations and marketing and shortly thereafter was sent to Milan to attend an international housewares show in Italy. When he arrived, Schultz found himself infatuated with the exciting coffee culture of Italy. Schultz went to Verona and had his first caffe latte. But he observed something more important than the coffee. The cafe customers were chatting and enjoying themselves while sipping their coffees in the elegant surroundings. That’s when Schultz was struck with an inspirational idea. â€Å"Why not create community gathering places like the great coffee house of Italy in the United States? † However, Schultz's idea did not go down well with Baldwin. Baldwin was not ready to get into the restaurant business nor to have anything distract him from his original plan of selling whole beans. Schultz, however, branched out on his own and opened a coffee house named after Italy's largest newspaper, The Daily, or Il Giornale. Two months later, the new store was serving more than 700 customers a day, and it was selling 300 percent more than the Starbucks locations. In 1987 the owners of Starbucks Coffee Company decided to sell their coffee business, along with the name for $3. 8 million. Schultz raised the money by convincing local investors of his vision. Now with over 11,000 outlets in more than 36 countries, Starbucks is the world’s number one specialty coffee retailer. Schultz philosophy: â€Å"We aren’t in the coffee business, serving people. We’re in the people business, serving coffee† has shaped and continues to shape the company. Q1: What management skill do you think would be most important for Howard Schultz to have? Why? What skill do you think would be most important for a Starbucks store manager to have? Why? Conceptual Skill would be the most important skill for Howard Schultz to have and as we can see Schultz already had those skills. When he went to Italy and saw espresso bar it was his conceptual skills that led him to the idea of introducing coffee bars in America. It was his conceptual skills that led him to identify the opportunity. And it is the conceptual skills that lead managers to take advantage of opportunities and oppose threats as well as make good business decisions and lead him to innovation. Human and Technical Skills would be the most important for a store manager because he is in direct contact with employees. By Human skills he is able to work well with other people individually and in a group and by technical skills he can guide people under his supervision to efficiently perform specific tasks. Q2: How might the following management theories/approaches be useful to Starbucks: Scientific Management, Organizational Behavior, Quantitative approach, System Approach? SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT: It is concerned with improving the performance of individual worker and finding the best way to do particular task. Starbucks coffee producing department is the place where scientific management theory can be applicable where they can divide and distribute jobs and find out the best way of performing tasks in order to improve production efficiency. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR: It is the field of study concerned with the actions or behavior of people at work. Organizational Behavior theory can be useful for Starbucks in the following ways: SYSTEM APPROACH: System can be defined as a set of interrelated components with clearly define boundaries working together to achieve an objective by performing three main functions such as input, processing and output. Using the system approach it is important for Starbucks departments to work together as one unit. For example if the marketing and production department don’t work in collaboration with each other Starbucks as a whole organization would suffer. Also using the system approach Starbucks must be aware of the environment its working in. For example if the company opens an outlet in another country it must be aware of the government rules and regulations and also the taste and trends of society there. QUANTATIVE APPROACH: It involves applications of statistics, optimization models, information models and computer simulations to management activities. Quantative approach can be useful in the following ways: ) Price: Starbucks can judge the amount of price to be charged on a product if the price is high then no one will buy the product and if it’s low then the business won’t be able to maximize its profits. 2) Customer Preferences: It can conduct and analyze surveys about customer’s likes and dislikes. This will help the business in improving their product, s ervices and surrounding atmosphere. 3) Sales Analysis: Starbucks can conduct sales analysis which can help them in forecasting future sales and allocate required resources and also help them in budgeting. The three trends and issues are as follows: These skills includes Looking for Opportunities Innovation Growth Due to these skills, Starbucks has excelled and reached to the height of success. Starbucks focused on growth i. e the reason they have been able to expand to 11,000 outlets in 36 countries. They also introduced many innovations in their product line. It is mostly implicated on top line managers as they are the ones who make major business decisions. Starbucks operates in many countries; therefore it consists of diverse workforce. So as a manager it is necessary to be well-acquainted with the diverse backgrounds of individuals in order to manage its workforce effectively. It is most applicable for the first line managers because they are the ones who are in direct contact with employees. In Starbucks black apron displaying the little â€Å"coffee master† are worn by employees who have completed the coffee master course, which shows that Starbucks conducts many programs to enhance the knowledge of workers. This implies mostly to middle level managers as they are ones who are responsible for meeting the goals set by top level managers by managing the workforce which includes enhancing their learning and knowledge. Q4: Give examples of how Howard Schultz might perform the interpersonal roles, the informational roles, and decisional roles. Schultz, as a figurehead, can be the greeting visitor, signing legal documents. He would attend ribbon cutting ceremonies for new plants. He could be a leader responsible for motivating subordinates and staffing, training. He could also coordinate activities of various project works. INFORMATIONAL ROLES: Schultz can perform this role by monitoring reports, holding informational meetings, making phone calls to rely information, holding board meetings, giving information to media Q5: Look at Howard Schultz philosophy of Starbucks. How will this affect the way company is managed? At first businesses used to focus on products. But with the passage of time businesses have realized that their main purpose is serving the people. Schultz philosophy has shaped and continues to shape the company. The company is now more focused on the five C’s: community, connection, caring, committed and coffee. Now the company doesn’t only focus on producing coffee rather all its activities are now driven to provide customer satisfaction by giving them quality service and understand and meeting their needs, tastes and preferences. What mangers can learn from this case study? We as managers can learn the following from the Starbucks case study. Focus on the people Businesses traditionally used to mainly focus on their products. Their prime objective was to manufacture mass products at low cost and hence make more profits. But now businesses have grown smart, they realize the importance of people in their business. Now companies strive to build better and long term relations with their customers by providing them with top notch services and quality products. And that is exactly what Howard Schultz philosophy reflected: â€Å"We aren’t in the coffee business, serving people. We’re in the people business, serving coffee. † It is this philosophy of Schultz that has taken Starbucks to new heights. We as managers of today need to realize this and shift our focus on our customers by providing them with best quality service and products which is the key for businesses to survive in today’s very competitive world and also for the company to benefit in the long run. True Entrepreneur Spirit Entrepreneurship has three main themes: Opportunity, Innovation and Growth. When Schultz walked into an espresso bar he quickly saw the opportunity because such a concept did not exist in America and if applied in America could be very successful. We can say that Schultz was open to ideas and an opportunity seeker. We as managers need to be more open to ideas and not get stuck just on routine day to day task. We need to think out of the box and grasp on opportunities out there. If we won’t our competitors will and we can be left behind in the race. Starbucks did not get stuck with just producing simple coffee. It got innovative and launched various other products such as hot and iced espresso beverages, coffee and noncoffee blended beverages, Tazo teas, home espresso machines, premium chocolates, baked pasties, sandwiches etc. Thus we learn it’s important to be innovative and meet the changing trends in customer’s taste and preferences otherwise business can become stagnant. Schultz started with a small chain of espresso bars but he didn’t stop there. He always looked for expansion and growth and that is the reason why Starbucks today has over 11,000 outlets in 36 countries. As managers we always need to strive for growth and expansion. Grow and expand to reach new marketplaces and new customers that will in return result in more revenue and profits for the company.

Malaysia : Making Patriotism Trough Primary School Education Essay

Discussing about creating the nation-state in all country seems to be the same. It should include too many times, property or self-sacrifice in order to making the â€Å"intelligence typical patriotism stereotype† among the citizens. It is depends on the strategy that applied to achieve the goal of â€Å"united people†. Taken from Malay aphorism â€Å"melentur buluh biarlah daripada rebungnya† seems to be the correct words to explain the strategy of creating this sort of thinking to the Malaysian people. The meaning is, when we want to â€Å"train† somebody, we should to start from the beginning of his life. Back to the point, Malaysia consist of more over 28. 3 million of population and separated into more than 50 ethnic randomly, and also consist a various believe and religion. However, they believe that they live in a peaceful and harmony country that no discrimination according to their ethnicity because they are in â€Å"one nation-state†. Thus, this mean the succeeded through the education able to abolished this sort of thinking. Primary school, is the first medium to educate the â€Å"fresh citizen† in order to create the citizen who love their country. Basically, Malaysia had two different elementary school that can be divide to three categories. There are â€Å"Sekolah Kebangsaan (SK)† which teach all Malaysian student with â€Å"no specific priority† and â€Å"Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (SJK)† which we can divide to two, there are â€Å"Sekolah Jenis Kebangsan Cina (SJKC)† for the Malaysian Chinese and â€Å"Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil (SJKT)† for the Malaysian Indian. For instantly, there is no obstacles to create this patriots even the school are separated. The question is, how do Malaysia do to overcome this problem? In this article, I will revealed how, through the study of Literacy, Art and â€Å"Spiritual and Morality† that teaching to the â€Å"fresh citizen† in a primary school, contribute to the creating of a nation. More than learning the languages, literacy teaching in primary school also aimed to deliberate the first layer of Malaysian history to the elementary school student. This shows, in the ages of seven until twelve years old, the pupils are expose about the beginning of nation state through language and history. Moreover, the literacy is not limited. It is consist of whole element of study. In addition, it is not only practices in the school, but also out from the teaching and learning session. For example, â€Å"Bahasa Melayu† is the compulsory subject that teaching in all types of school. The syllabus of this subject, is not only concern in reading, grammar, comprehension or composition, but the aim to teach this subject, is to exposed to the learning of the first languages and also the various ethnicity of Malaysia. Yes, languages is one of the â€Å"main course† in creating the nation. Thus, this subject are reliable and help much. In addition, the literacy also combined the â€Å"General History† teaching through the same subject. For examples Gurindam and Pantun which known as the tradition of the Malay, also learn about the different of Ethnic, Traditional Wearing, Festival and so on. From the argument, this shows the literacy teaching in primary school indirectly, help the pupils to know the Malaysian in the best medium. Secondly, I would like to stand with the most best approach in gain and grab the attention of the â€Å"Fresh Citizen† who are have the limited information of the â€Å"nation state†. Through the â€Å"Art† studies, this â€Å"Upstart Citizen† will easily conduct to the patriotism. In a primary school, most of the subjects teaching are connected with art. Thus art is not limited to the subject of Painting and Music. It is included in the syllabus of the other subject. But the question is, how far this subject can contribute to the shaped of nation state?. It kind of nonsense when talking about the â€Å"Malaysian Administration† to the kid who are not reached â€Å"Puberty† of course. But, we can teach them about the tradition and ethnicity. How? By subject painting art, there are syllabus on painting the poster of â€Å"traditional wearing† and the poster of â€Å"Malaysian peaceful state†, â€Å" Malaysian Festival† and so on. While, in Music subject, the pupils sing a song from 1Malaysia culture Language such as, song of â€Å"SuriRam† the Malay epic song, â€Å"Surang Gani† the Tamil song present the indian Malaysian, â€Å"Wo Hen How† the Mandarins song present Chinese ethnic and other ethnic songs. The best part is, during school assembly, they are required to sing the national anthem â€Å"Negaraku†, the state anthem and their school song. As we know the music is one of the attractive medium to deliver massage. Thus the â€Å"Negaraku† or other patriotic song can be the medium to educate the â€Å"Upstart Citizen† to be one of the state lover. It is reliable prove that the art subject in primary school, give the big impact to promote and contribute to the nation state. Next, through the spiritual and morality subject such as â€Å"Pendidikan Agama Islam†, â€Å"Pendidkan Moral†, and â€Å"Pendidikan Sivik† the pupils are taught about the positive value such as grateful, patriotism, love, helping each other, hardworking, etc. This shows the this subject is not only focus on the religion purely, but, the pupils are exposed to become the better citizen of Malaysia. To go trough one by one, â€Å"Pendidikan Agama Islam† basically teach the â€Å"religion needed† to the Muslim. There is generally about â€Å"Fardhu Ain† and â€Å"Fardhu Kifayah† which each of this teaching concern on the basic â€Å"Muslim Ummah† that concern to the â€Å"Islamic Lifestyle† that shows the good attitude. â€Å"Pendidikan Moral† is the subject that teach the Morality of being the good citizen in term of manners and healthy life style. While â€Å"Pendidikan Sivik† is teaching about the civic manners in a country. The similarity of this three subject are, its aim to â€Å"Brainwash† the â€Å"Fresh Citizen† to be a citizen that have a â€Å"Good Manners†, indirectly, its contribute to the developing the manners of the citizen in an nation state. To sum up, the primary education are the best time to shaped the minded of its citizen in order to be the nation-state because the â€Å"Fresh citizen† are more easier to adapt the new information and can stay along with the new environment . Malaysia got a various ethnicity and have the separated primary school, but, its no mean the spirit of the self-belonging to Malaysia cannot be develop. The syllabus teaching in all primary school seems to be the same. The Literacy, Art and Spiritual and Morality, shows through this taught of subject in primary school can produce the citizen that love their nation-state. Additional Reference 1) Ayop, M, R,. (2011) Gagasan 1Malaysia : Kesinambungan Bina Negara-Bangsa : Gempita Maju Sdn. Bhd. , Selangor. D. E 2) Imran A. (2013) Tingkat Semangat Patriotik Melalui Lagu : Bernama. [Online] Available at: http://web10. bernama. com 3) Muslim, N. & Alias, J. (unknown) PATRIOTISME: KONSEP DAN PELAKSANAANNYA DI MALAYSIA. : UKM [Online] Available at : http://repo. uum. edu. my/1866/1/35. pdf ——————————————– [ 1 ]. BERNAMA, (2013). Penduduk Malaysia kini 28. 3 juta : Berita Harian [Online] available at : http://www. bharian. com. my/bharian/articles/PendudukMalaysiakini28_3juta/Article/artikel [ 2 ]. Zainuddin, R. (2006), Perkembangan pendidikan di Malaysia : Penyata razak 1956, Sejarah Malaysia, Malaysia : Fajar Bakti Selangor D. E [ 3 ]. Prof. madya Hj Ibrahim, (2009) PENDIDIKAN SENI DI MALAYSIA ANTARA HARAPAN DAN REALITI [Online] Availale at : http://wwwartstudent. blogspot. com/2009/10/pendidikan-seni-di-malaysia-antara. html [ 4 ]. Unknown (2012) SUKATAN PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM SEKOLAH RENDAH [Online] Available at : http://amrahahmad. blogspot. com/2012/04/sukatan-pendidikan-islam-sekolah-rendah. html.

Accessibility And Limitations Tourism Essays

Accessibility And Limitations Tourism Essays Accessibility And Limitations Tourism Essay Accessibility And Limitations Tourism Essay The purpose of this work is to try to give an thought of how accessible certain heritage and historical sites in Malta are to senior citizens tourers and besides to place which jobs restrict seniors from sing peculiar sites, and if possible, urge possible suggestions in order to do it more easy accessible for senior citizens. The methodological analysis adopted in this research is the qualitative method utilizing both open-ended and close-ended questionnaires. Data was collected from assorted beginnings including several site visits, interviews with site conservators and staff, and thoughts and suggestions gathered from senior site visitants. Research was carried out on three specific sites St. John s cathedral, The Inquisitor s Palace and Hagar Qim/Mnajdra. Introduction: In Malta, approximately two million tourers have visited museums and historical sites in 2011, which contributed 12.2 million euro to the national economic system. Senior citizens are the 3rd biggest figure of tourer visitants, after grownups and groups, which surely have a great impact on the tourer trials and in the part to this sum. Methodology: We have approached qualitative research methodological analysis to transport out our research. Having considered tourers value of clip and convenience our questionnaires have been made up chiefly by open-ended inquiries. Data aggregation: To hold a dependable, representative and non-biased informations, we have collected our informations from three beginnings. These are: i‚Â · Out mark group, senior visitants i‚Â · Self site visits i‚Â · Sites conservators and staff Due to the seasonality issue, in Malta there are nt many tourers at this clip of the twelvemonth. Therefore, we were small doubting about the informations collected from our mark group, whether informations will be biased or non as they are really few in Numberss. As a consequence for farther information we have visited the sites ourselves and interviewed the sites curator and/or staff. After speaking to the conservators and from our ain experiences, we found that informations of our mark group was rather dependable. In add-on, we did nt measure our informations from statistical point of position as our sample was rather little. St. John s Co-Cathedral Brief History The St. John s Cathedral is located in the capital metropolis of Malta, Valletta, and it was built by the knights of Malta between 1573 and 1578. It is built on a Baroque manner and it was designed by a Maltese designer called A lormu Cassar. Furthermore, the church was founded by the Knights of St. John and many other Grandmasters, this is why it is called St. John s as it was dedicated to their frequenter, St. John the Baptist. The cathedral is alone due to the field facade it has in contrast with the rich gay temper one finds indoors. It is full of civilization and rich in art as the knights paid for rich creative persons and gave many parts in order to enrich it with the best humanistic disciplines. In fact one finds two celebrated Caravaggio pictures in the Cathedral: The Beheading of St. John the Baptist and St. Jerome Writing. There are besides a batch of Mattia Preti s graphicss ( another Renaissance celebrated creative person ) and in fact he is besides buried in the Co-Cath edral. In add-on, many graves of of import knights are found in the inlaid marble floor of the cathedral therefore it makes the cathedral even more sacred. In the cathedral there are besides chapels to every langue/ nationality of the knights, nine in entire, each dedicated to their saint and with Grandmasters of that nationality buried at that place. In decision, the Cathedral has undergone many Restoration procedures, all done from the money charged from the visitants when sing. As a consequence, at the minute The Crypt of the Grand Masters is closed due to restoration plants in order to protect it. Handiness Analysis The St. John s Co-Cathedral is a really popular site among senior tourers, apart from being a sacred topographic point it is really accessible. The Cathedral is really easy to happen as it is in the chief street of Valletta and it is besides easy accessible by public conveyance as the chief coach end point in Malta is in Valletta. At the entryway of the cathedral there is a incline so those who are wheelchair edge will happen no trouble to come in the cathedral. All around the cathedral there are several benches which might assist those seniors which are less able to stand to rest during their circuit around the cathedral. Furthermore, senior tourers have a benefit when sing this cathedral as there is a particular decrease in monetary value for seniors which helps in doing it more attractive. Senior tourers pay the sum of a‚Â ¬4.60 alternatively of the normal grownup rate of a‚Â ¬6.00. The fee entryway includes besides cusps which one is available at the really beginning of the circuit and other several cusps which are chiefly found within every chapel. An audio usher is besides available and it is available in assorted European linguistic communications such as Maltese, English, Italian, Gallic, German and Spanish. Soon they are traveling to present Russian and Nipponese every bit good and this will assist in holding a wider scope of tourers. The first cusp which is given at the really beginning of the circuit goes manus in manus with the audio usher as on the cusp there is an sound map which fundamentally guides the tourers around the cathedral and museum. Due to the sound usher and leaflets it helps in seeking to extinguish assorted troubles which such seniors might hold. Those seniors with low vision can easy acquire to cognize about this cathedral with the aid of the audio usher. Even those aged with hearing jobs they can easy follow the circuit through the cusps and the notes available on panels on every object, therefore it is really accessible for seniors with different troubles. At the St. John s Co-Cathedral, public toilets for those wheelchair edge are besides available hence, it is a really accessible site as it caters for everybody. At the terminal of the circuit tourers have the chance to purchase keepsakes from the gift store which is on the land floor degree, doing it besides accessible for everyon e, even for those who might non hold managed to do it to the museum upstairs. Restrictions When sing the St. John s Co-Cathedral there is no job to come in as there is a incline at the entryway for those wheelchair bound nevertheless although they can easy entree the cathedral, there are no lifts to suit wheelchair bound tourers to see the museum upstairs. Therefore, senior tourers may hold a disadvantage due to the sum of steps there are to see the museum upstairs which consists of beautiful aggregations of Flemish tapestries, sacred vestments and lighted books. The figure of visitants at the St. John s Co-Cathedral is limited as overcrowding cause injury to the edifice every bit good as its artifacts. As the passageways between one chapel and another are really narrow, these can easy do congestions. They were originally designed for merely one individual individual to go through through them nevertheless as tourers normally come in big groups they tend to travel around the cathedral as a group and this may increase the harm. Tourists have oning heeled places are non allowed to come in the cathedral in order to continue the inlaid marble besides tourers are expected to have on decently when sing the cathedral as it is a topographic point of worship. Photography is allowed in the cathedral nevertheless one must esteem that the usage of flash is out as such flash can easy do harm to the artifacts that surround the cathedral. The country where there is Caravaggio s pictures picture taking is out even without flash. This is besides due to the ha rm that could easy do by clip. Presently at the St. John s Co-Cathedral there are some countries which are non accessible for tourers due to Restorations. Due to these plants tourist s Tourss around the cathedral are limited as non all countries can be visited. The Inquisitor s Palace Brief History The interrogator s castle is found in the bosom of Vittoriosa, which forms portion of the Three Cities. This Palace is one of the few lasting castles from all over Europe, as many other castles have now been destroyed either by clip or by war. Many architectural characteristics inside the edifice are good preserved, and as the lettering alongside the entryway provinces, the castle dates back to the Norman domination, where it was used as a Court of Law. The Inquisitor s Palace was of great importance to the Knights of the Order of St. John, this being the ground that Vittoriosa is an plus for our history, along with other museums in the town. The castle is one of these historic topographic points, which attract many tourers during the twelvemonth, and besides attracts locals who are analyzing or merely interested in the topic. The Inquisitor s Palace was used as the civil tribunal of the Order of St. John during the 1530s and served till the 1571. The first official interrogator to be offered the castle was Pietro Dusina in 1574 and the castle besides served as a muss house during the British regulation. In 1966 the castle was opened for public screening. The castle s chief focal point is the spiritual values in Maltese individuality, particularly as influenced by the Inquisition. Handiness Analysis When sing the Inquisitor s Palace, it is noted that as it was built many old ages ago, it does non hold the luxuries of modern installations. Due to this fact, there is no infinite where these installations can be built such as lifts and inclines. Besides non much can be modified to better the castle s handiness, as by making so the original chef-doeuvre will be lost. This may be a challenge for the aged and impossible for wheelchair edge seniors, to see the major parts of the castle as there are rather a big figure of stepss to mount in and no lifts are available. However in the response country there are cusps available in English where a map is included, this helps the persons non to acquire lost. Numbers and directional marks place every subdivision in the castle, which besides help in orientating oneself in the edifice. Restrictions As there are no lifts available, the tourers has to be fit to get the better of big flights of stepss, were each measure is extremely elevated so tourers have to be really cautious where measure in order to avoid accidents. Besides when sing the prison cells the doors are rather low and it may be hard for senior citizens to flex down and see the inside of the cells. There is besides a complete absence of comfy remainder suites as presently the lone public toilets available are the nomadic lavatories, since some Restoration is being made to the castle. Near each artifact, there are little tablets with brief information on the intent of the point. However the fount of these tablets is rather little, and may be a challenge to read for those seniors whose vision has diminished. However there are besides some boards with big founts that give you the overview of what the tourer is traveling to see. Still there are no audio picture or narrative of what is being seen. The individual in charge of the castle remarked that the lone possible solution for these tourers is to engage a personal guided circuit in order to explicate what they are seeing, as the castle does non offer this installation. When sing the aged with hearing damage the castle does non provide with any installations for these tourers, as there are no cusps that explain what is being seen. The lone cusps available are merely an overview for the general tourer and do non hold any specific inside informations. Besides it was noted that there is no cafeteria or keepsake store at the Palace, which could easy bring forth excess financess for the site. Hagar Qim and Mnajdra Temples. A Brief History Hagar Qim and Mnajdra temples are located in Qrendi merely a few metres apart. These consist of two chief temples and were built over 5,000 old ages ago. Hagar Qim temple was excavated in 1839 and Mnajdra temple was found a twelvemonth subsequently in 1840. UNESCO named Hagar Qim and Mnajdra as universe heritage sites in 1992. Accessibility and Restrictions When sing the site it is really easy to make by coach ( route 201 ) , nevertheless this could take a piece. Besides a large parking country is available for managers and for those going with private autos. We talked to some tourer who arrived by coach and said that they found it really easily as the coach Michigan is merely a few metres off from the site. However some said that the journey was rather long. The bulk of the people heard about these temples through the cyberspace, others said that they have heard about the sites from friends and relations and were really funny about the site. The information edifice is easy accessible by a few stairss and for those seniors who have jobs traveling up stepss or in wheelchairs, there is a lift from the parking straight to the information Centre. From here tickets can be bought. Tickets for seniors are discounted to Eur 6.50 signifier Eur 9. The museum is in the same edifice as the information Centre, so it easy accessible. A short cartridge holder is shown before come ining the museum which is really enlightening about what will be seen at the site. The sound is really good and everything can be understood even by some seniors whose hearing has diminished. Seating is provided so everyone particularly seniors appreciate that they can rest during the cartridge holder. In the museum there s a batch of information about the types of stones, how the topographic point was built and a brief history of the sites. Some of the seniors we interviewed found it a spot hard to read the information as the text is written in a little fount and no guided Tourss are available to explicate what s written. Although there are screens with recordings on them, merely two are available and some said that to listen to all the docudrama is rather long. Others found that the samples of stones and other artifacts were rather interesting. The way from the museum to the first temple Hagar Qim, is really smooth and accessible, nevertheless in the temple itself the land is a spot bouldery. Not many of our interviewers complained approximately this as this leaves the temple in its original province. In the temple there are no guided Tourss provided but some found the marks really helpful. Some said that because they came in Tourss a usher was booked and was really helpful as they could inquire inquiries if they could nt read or understand the marks. The distance between Hagar Qim and Mnajdra is about 500m, traveling to Mnajdra is really easy, but traveling back could be rather hard for seniors as the uphill is really steep. Some besides said that they did nt travel to Mnajdra as they were warned by the staff at the information desk about this and bought merely ticket to the first temple. However some said that although they found it a spot hard to travel back up the route, they claimed that it was deserving it. Finding a eating house nearby was extremely appreciated by the people we interviewed. Suggestions and Decision After analyzing and construing informations from the selected sites, there were some issues that should be solved for the interest of the visitants every bit good for the sites better and profitable operation. The followers are some suggestions and possible solutions that could be practiced for the best of the sites. i‚Â · To hold a standard degree of handiness in all the sites. Some sites are really accessible while some are non. For illustration, In St. John Co-Cathedral visitants can do usage of an audio usher and if anyone requires farther information there are rather a good figure of staff whom you can inquire. Here there are besides lavatories for wheel chair bound visitants, on the other manus in the Inquisitor s castle, there are no audio ushers and cusps are merely in Maltese and English. Besides there is a deficiency of staff and the two nomadic lavatories provided are hard for normal people to entree allow alone seniors and wheel chair bound visitants. Therefor all the sites should hold an handiness benchmark. i‚Â · To increase the figure of staff which should be trained and educated to assist tourers with reading. In 2011 there was a diminution of 10 % in full clip employees than the old twelvemonth and the bulk of the full clip employees were classified as other staff which includes clerks, cleaners, security guards etc. ( beginning: NSO, 20 NOV.2012 ) i‚Â · The figure of staff should increase and direction are to supply preparation for first assistance classs. Particularly since senior people are more delicate and more accident prone. Staff should be experienced in how to manage accidents and cover with any incidents. In Hagar Qim and Mnajdra temples, there should be more staff available on site in order to assist seniors who are in wheelchairs to travel around the sites particularly traveling to and from Mnajdra temple. i‚Â · To increase the figure of interpretive manners and media, presenting sound and picture ushers and cusps in different linguistic communications. Most of the sites provide cusps but are limited in linguistic communications. Besides a batch of the sites do nt supply any audio usher. Furthermore, the debut of picture ushers will assist visitants who can non see certain parts of the sites, acquire a good thought of the whole premises, particularly seniors. i‚Â · To increase the mark markets. In 2012 one billion tourers crossed international lodgers where China ( 30 % ) and Russia ( 15 % ) was the first two states among the top 10 international markets by outgos ( beginning: UNWTO ) . Most of the heritage sites in Malta cater chiefly for European tourers while China, Russia, Japan, are some possible markets which are non given that much importance. i‚Â · To promote and increase consciousness among the local people about the sites, they should be unfastened to the local citizens at least one peculiar twenty-four hours in a month. If locals learn to appreciate the sites they will promote tourers to see and appreciate the civilization. The local people will urge and promote tourers to see the sites, assist them to happen the sites and the best manner to acquire at that place. In add-on it will besides assist younger coevals to larn about their civilization and history. For case, The Inquisitor s castle was unfastened to the populace on 13th of December 2012 and locals appreciated the chance to see the castle. Date: 5/12/12 University of Malta: Institute for Tourism, Travel and Culture Interview Form. Interviewers: DAnastasi Jolene, Zammit Francesca, Sabuj Miah, Anna Vella, Mearaid Ciantar Brown A ; Andreas Cassar Name of the Site: St. John s Co-Cathedral Interviewee: Ms. Catherine Galea Position: Site Assistant Questions: Do seniors see a batch this site? Yes they do in fact it is one of the most sites that aged visit in Valletta. Is there any particular decrease in monetary value for seniors? Yes seniors pay a‚Â ¬4.60 alternatively of a‚Â ¬6.00 to see this site. What does the monetary value include? It includes the visit in the co-cathedral and in the museum and it includes every bit good a free sound circuit. In which languages is the audio circuit available? It is available in Maltese, English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish and shortly we are traveling to present the Russian and Nipponese linguistic communications excessively. Which nationalities visit largely? They are largely European particularly English, German and Italian tourers. Is it accessible for seniors? There are some stepss which they might happen a spot hard although largely are still really fit and do non mind at all mounting some stepss to see the museum. Is there a lift available for those wheelchair bound? Unfortunately no since we do non hold adequate infinite, but they can still see the Co-Cathedral downstairs as there is a incline in the entryway and issue. Further remarks: In summer we are really busy with many long waiting lines nevertheless during the winter season we will be really quiet. We have many Tourss from twenty-four hours sails which tend to see this site. In fact, the eldest tourer that has visited this site was really on a sail ship sing Malta as one of the Michigan. She was 91 old ages old and she did non mind mounting the stepss to see the Museum upstairs as she was really fit. Therefore, the stepss do non make such a large job for seniors. Date: 17/12/2012 University of Malta: Institute for Tourism, Travel and Culture Interview signifier Interviewers: Francesca Zammt, Jolene DAnastasi, SabujMiah, Alexia Lia, Anna Vella, Mearaid Ciantar Brown, Andreas Cassar, Nadia Tabone Name of the site: the Inquisitor s Palace Interviewee: Kenneth Cassar Position: Curator Questions: Do seniors see a batch this site? We do acquire senior visitants but the bulk of the visitants are grownups. Is there any particular decrease in monetary value for seniors? Yes, we have a particular monetary value decrease for seniors. For grownups the entry fee is 6.00eur piece, for the seniors its merely 4.50eur. Make you supply any audio usher? Unfortunately non at the minute, nevertheless right now we are supervising the tourer flow and every bit shortly as we ll pull off to happen a tendency we ll supply audio usher in different linguistic communications harmonizing to the flow. As the panels are merely in English and Maltese do you hold something else in different linguistic communications for those who do non understand such linguistic communication? At the minute no and besides we are non traveling to make full up our walls with the panels. Just to inform you that we are traveling to present excess notes in different linguistic communications which will be available at response but we are still waiting to place the tourer flow. Which nationalities visit the site most? Chiefly European ( British, German, Italian, ) and we besides get Nipponese, Chinese, Russian but comparatively less than the European tourers. Is it accessible for seniors? Yes, in general it is accessible for seniors but for the senior with limited mobility and wheel chair edge, the site is non easy accessible as you can see there are tonss of stepss all over the museum. Furthermore, some seniors besides find it hard to entree the prison cells and anguish room country. But unluckily we ca nt make much about it as we ca nt alter the construction of the edifice. Could you please state us about the hereafter program sing the site installation? We ll upgrade those nomadic lavatories in the garden, we ll set peddling machine and besides we are traveling to put in wireless local area network near the response country. Besides as I said earlier we are traveling to present both audio usher and cusps in different linguistic communications. What about the beginning of fund of the site? The major beginning of the fund is entry fee. However, as the site belongs to heritage Malta and heritage Malta is a authorities organisation, therefore we besides get fund from authorities. Thank you for your clip and grasp. Date: 08/12/2012 University of Malta: Institute for Tourism, Travel and Culture Interview signifier Interviewers: Francesca Zammt, Jolene DAnastasi, SabujMiah, Alexia Lia, Anna Vella, Mearaid Ciantar Brown, Andreas Cassar, Nadia Tabone Name of the site: Hagar Qim and Mnajdra Temples Interviewee: N/A* Position: Receptionist at Information Centre. Questions: Do seniors see a batch this site? Yes they do but they are non the bulk of visitants. Is there any particular decrease in monetary value for seniors? Yes, the monetary value for people aged 60 and over is reduced to 6.50 from 9. Make you supply any guided Tourss? Guided Tourss can merely be provided if they are booked beforehand from Heritage Malta. Which nationalities visit the site most? Largely European ( British, German, Italian ) Is it accessible for seniors? The museum and the first temple, Hagar Qim is really accessible nevertheless we ve had ailments about the route to the 2nd temple, Mnajdra. Due to this we started reding seniors to purchase tickets for the first temple merely. What about the beginning of fund of the site? The major beginning of the fund comes from the entryway fee. Besides Heritage Malta provides financess which are given by the authorities. *interviewee wanted to stay anon. .

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